Diseases and Pests: Integrated Pest Management
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- Application of chemical and biological agents for the management of frosty pod rot (Monitiophthora roreri) in Costa Rican cocoa (Theobroma cacao). Annals of Applied Biology, vol. 147, p. 129-138. by R.P. Bateman, et al. [PDF: 274 kb]
- Responding to economic crisis in sub-Saharan Africa: New farmer-developed pest management strategies in cocoa-based plantations in Southern Cameroon by O. Coulibaly et al. [PDF: 94.3 kb]
- Integrated pest management in cocoa agroforests in southern Cameroon: Constraints and overview by D. J. Sonwa et al. [PDF: 95.4 kb]
- Pest control in Malaysia's perennial crops: A half century perspective tracking the pathway to integrated pest management by B. J. Wood [PDF: 154 kb]
- Impact of removing diseased pods on cocoa black pod caused by Phytophthora megakarya and on cocoa production in Cameroon by M. Ndoumbe-Nkeng et al. [PDF: 310 kb]
- Fighting a Fungal Siege on Cacao Farms by H. Becker [PDF: 351 kb]
- Spraying Cocoa: 10 Essentials by IPARC [PDF: 589 kb]
- Witches' Broom Disease of Cocoa in Bahia: attempts at eradication and containment by J.L Pereira, et al [PDF: 1.4 MB]
- Effects of Fruiting Traits on the Field Resistance of Cocoa (Theobroma cacoa L.) Clones to Phytophthora megakarya by M. I. B. Efombagn, et al. [PDF: 157 kb]
- Impact of removing diseased pods on cocoa black pod caused by Phytophthora megakarya and on cocoa production in Cameroon by M. Ndoumbe-Nkeng et al. [PDF: 307 kb]
- The use of narrow-angle cone nozzles to spray cocoa pods and other slender biological targets. Crop Protection, vol. 23, p. 989-999, 2004. by R. Bateman [PDF: 422 kb]
- Spray application to cocoa pods and other small targets using cone nozzles. Aspects of Applied Biology. 77:79-84. 2006. by R.P. Bateman [PDF: 32 kb]
- Effect of time and dosage of acibenzolar-S-methyl applications in inducing resistance to Verticillium wilt in cocoa seedlings. <Original> Efeito da época de aplicação e dosagem do acibenzolar-S-metil na indução de resistência à murcha-de-Verticillium em cacaueiro. Fitopatologia Brasiliera, vol. 30, p. 67-71 in Portuguese by L. S. Cavalcanti, and M. L.V. Resende [PDF: 817 KB] posted Jan. 2 2007
- Control of cocoa swollen shoot disease by eradication of infected trees in Ghana: a survey of treated and replanted. Crop Protection, vol. 25, p. 647-652, 2006. by H. Dzahini-Obiatey, G. Akumfi Ameyaw and L.A. Ollennu [PDF: 226 KB] posted Jan. 17 2007
- Integrated management of Phytophthora diseases on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.): Impact of plant breeding on pod rot incidence. Crop Protection, vol. 26, p. 40-45, 2007. by S. Nyasse, M.I.B. Efombagn, B.I. Kebe, M. Tahi, D. Despreaux, and C. Cilas [PDF: 162 KB] posted Jan. 17 2007
- Assessment of sanitation and fungicide application directed at cocoa tree trunks for the control of Phytophthora black pod infections in pods growing in the canopy. European Journal of Plant Pathology, vol. 117, p. 167-175, 2007. by I.Y. Opoku, A.Y. Akrofi; and A.A. Appiah. [PDF: 197 KB] posted May 30 2007
- Effectiveness and profitability of integrated pest management for improving yield on smallholder cocoa farms in Ghana. International Journal Tropical Insect Science, vol. 27, p. 27-39. by E.N.A. Dorman, A. van Huis, C. Leeuwis [PDF: 354 KB] posted October 31 2007
- Cacao diseases: A global perspective from an industry point of view. Phytopathology, vol. 97, p. 1658-1663 by P.K. Hebbar. [PDF: 159 KB] posted January 2 2008
- Effects of different copper fungicide application rates upon earthworm activity and impacts on cocoa yield over four years. European Journal Soil Biology, vol. 43, p. S305-S310. 2007 by L. Norgrove [PDF: 372 KB] posted January 2 2008
- Management of cocoa: constraints during acquisition and application of pesticides in the humid forest zones of southern Cameroon. Crop Protection, vol. 27, p. 1159-1164, 2008 by D.J. Sonwa, O. Coulibaly, S.F. Weise, A.A. Adesina, and M.J.J. Janssens [PDF: 242 KB] posted August 1 2008
- Insecticide residues in the blood serum and domestic water source of cacao farmers in Southwestern Nigeria. Chemosphere, vol. 72, p. 781-784, 2008. by M.B. Sosan, A.E. Akingbohungbe, I.A.O. Ojo, and M.A. Durosinmi [PDF: 170 KB] posted August 27 2008
- Integrated management of moniliasis in Talamanca, Costa Rica. Spanish with English summary. [Manejo ontegrado de moniliasis (Moniliophthora roreri) del cacao (Theobroma cacao). Agroforestería en las Américas (CATIE). Vol. 10 (37-38) p. 52-58, 2003 by U. Krauss, M. ten Hoopen, E. Hidalgo, A. Martínez, C. Arroyo, J. García, A. Portuguez and V. Sánchez [PDF: 218KB] posted February 23 2009
- Effectiveness of hermetic storage in insect control and quality preservation of cocoa bean in Ghana. Document # PU2012, No 308, Presented at the 8th International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products, September 2008 by W.A. Jonfia-Essien, S. Navarro and J.V. Dator [PDF: 877KB] posted February 24 2009
- Adoption of practices the agriculturists for the handling of the Moniliasis of the cocoa (Moniliophtora roreri, Cif & Par). A study of case biophycal and socioeconomic factors in the Municipality of Waslala, Nicaragua. Spanish with English summary. [Adopción des prácticas por los agricultores para el manejo de la moniliasis de cacao ( Moniliophtora roreri, Cif & Par). Un estudio de caso biofísico y socioeconómico, en el municipio de Waslala, Nicaragua]. Tesis Mag. Sc. Turrialba, Costa Rica, CATIE. 77 p., 1998 by D.J. Sandino Araica [PDF: 4.6MB] posted March 24 2009
- Evaluation of the toxicity of Actara 25 WG for the control of the cocoa mirid Sahlbergella singularis Hagl. (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 8, p.1528-1535, 2009 by J.C.Anikwe, E.U. Asogwa, T.C.N. Ndubuaku and F.A. Okelana [PDF: 388KB] posted July 31 2009
- ICCO/IPARC: "Pesticide Use in Cocoa: A Guide for Training, Administrative and Research Staff" by Roy Bateman [PDF: 3.2MB ] posted August 26, 2009
- Problems associated with pesticide usage and application in Nigerian cocoa production: a review. African Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 4, p. 675-683, 2009 by E.U. Asogwa and L.N. Dongo, L. N [PDF: 102KB] posted September 22 2009
- Cocoa pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella Snbellen) in Papua new Guinea: Biosecurity models for New Ireland and the autonomous region of Bougainville. Risk Analysis, DOI:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01297.x, 2009 by J.D.L. Yen, E.K. Waters and A.J. Hamilton [PDF: 500KB] posted November 9 2009
- Overcoming the main limiting factors of cacao production in Central America through the use of improved clones developed at CATIE. COPAL Meeting, Bali, Indonesia, 2009 by W. P hillips, J. Castillo, A. Arciniegaas, A. Mata, A. Sanchez, M. Leandro, C. Astorga, J. Motamajor, B. Guyton, E. Seguine and R. Schnell [PDF: 19KB] posted December 22 2009
- Evaluation of field damage and chemical control of outbreak of Sahlbergella singularis haglund in a cocoa plantation in Ibadan, Nigeria. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 3 (1), pp. 19-23, 2009 by J.C. Anikwe [PDF: 99KB] posted February 25 2010
- Phosphonate applied trunk injection controls stem canker and decreases phytophthora pod rot [black pod] incidence in cocoa in sulawesi. Australasian Plant Pathology, 39 [2], pp. 170-175, 2010 by P.J. McMahon, A. Purwantara, A. Wahab, M. Imron, S. Lambert, P.J. Keane, D.I. Guest [PDF: 472KB] posted April 2, 2010
- A novel, integrated method for management of witches' broom disease in Cacao in Bahia, Brazil. Crop Protection, vol. 29, p. 704-711, 2010 by F.H.V. Medeiros, A.W.V. Pomella, J.T. de Souza, G.R. Niella, R. Valle, R.P. Bateman, D. Fravel, B. Vinyard, P.K. Hebbar [PDF: 285KB] posted September 7, 2010
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Control of cocoa pod borer and Phytophthora pod rot using degradable plastic pod sleeves and a nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae. Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science, vol. 11, p. 41-47, 2010 by A. Rosmana, M. Shepard, P. Hebbar, A. Mustari. [PDF: 204KB] posted May 3, 2011
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Isolation of endophytic endospore-forming bacteria from Theobroma cacao as potential biological control agents of cacao diseases. Biological Control 57:236-245 by R.L.C. Melnick, B.A. Suárez, B. A. Bailey, and P. A. Backman. [PDF: 896KB] posted May 3, 2011
- Mota, S.G.R., Barros, T.F., Castilho, M.S. In vitro screening and chemometrics analysis on a series of azole derivatives with fungicide activity against moniliophthora perniciosa. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. vol.21, 2010doi: 10.1590/S0103-50532010000300017
(Diseases&PestsFungicide598KB) posted August 4, 2011
Improving the formulation and timing of application of endophytic biocontrol and chemical agents against frosty pod rot (Moniliophthora roreri) in cocoa (Theobroma cacao). Biological Control, vol. 54, p. 230-240, 2010. Krauss, U., Hidalgo, E., Bateman, R., Adonijah, V., Arroyo, C., García, J., Crozier, J., Brown, N.A., ten Hoopen, G.M., Holmes, K.A. [PDF: 38KB] posted on November 8, 2011
Quarantine
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**End, M.J., Daymond, A.J., Hadley, P., editors. 2010. Technical guidelines for the safe movement of cacao germplasm (Revised from the FAO/IPGRI Technical Guidelines No. 20). Global Cacao. Genetic Resources Network (CacaoNet), Bioversity International, Montpellier, France. (Diseases&PestsQuarantine28KB) posted August 4, 2011
cocoa pod borer
- Sexual dimorphism of pupae and adults of the cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella. Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 11 | Article 52. Posada, FJ., Virdiana, I., Navies, M., Pava-Ripoll, M., Hebbar, P. [PDF: 23.2KB] posted November 18, 2011
Tolerance Phytophthora
- Variation and Heritability of Polyphenoloxidasic Activities in Two Hybrid Families of Theobroma cacao L. after Cocoa Pods Inoculation with Phytophthora megakarya Bras. et Grif. Plant Pathology Journal, vol. 10, p. 89-98, 2011. Simo, C., Djocgoue, P.F., Mbouobda, H.D., EFFA, P.O., Boudjeko, T., Omokolo, D.N. [PDF: 434KB] posted on December 6, 2011
- Selection for resistance to Phytophthora pod rot of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in Cameroon: Repeatability and reliability of screening tests and field observations. Crop Protection, vol. 30, 105e110, 2011. Efombagn, M.I.B., Bieysse, D., Nyassé, S., Eskes, A.B. [PDF: 121KB] posted on December 14, 2011