Diseases and Pests: Biology

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• In vitro production of biotrophic-like cultures of Crinipellis perniciosa, the causal agent of witches' broom disease of Theobroma cacao. 2006. Current Microbiology, vol. 52, pp. 191-196. by Meinhardt, L.W., et. al.[PDF: 528 kb]An optimized screening method for identifying levels of resistance to Crinipellis perniciosa in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) by Surujdeo-Maharaj et al. [PDF: 208 kb]
• A study of genotype-isolate interaction in cacao (Theobroma cacao): resistance of cacao genotypes to isolates of Phytophthora palmivora by Surujdeo-Maharaj et al. [PDF: 94 kb]
• Fungal threats to cocoa share an ancient history, USDA Agricultural Research Service, October 2005, by Peabody, et. al. [PDF: 192 kb]
• FINAL REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP MONILIASIS, REGIONAL BREEDING AND RESISTANCE CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica 21-25 February 2005
• Flight and Oviposition Behavior of Ephestia cautella and Plodia interpunctella in Response to Odors of Different Chocolate Products, 2004 by P.-O. Olsson. [PDF: 157 kb]
• Control of the Cocoa Pod Borer (Conopomorpha cramerella) by Roger Kingsley Day, 1985. [PDF: 14.2 MB]
• Occurrence of Cacao swollen shootvirus in Litime, the Main cocoa-Producing Area of Togo by C. Cilas, et al. [PDF: 39 kb]
• Effect of Crinipellis perniciosa Infection on Abscission of Cacao Cotyledons, Reserve Mobilization and Dry Matter Partitioning by L. A. Motilal, G. Sirju-Charran and T. N. Sreenivasan [PDF: 309 kb]
• Molecular Variability Analysis of Five New Complete Cacao Swollen Shoot Virus Genomic Sequences by E. Muller and S. Sackey [PDF: 496 kb]
• Biochemical changes during the development of witches' broom: the most important disease of cocoa in Brazil caused by Crinipellis perniciosa by L.M. Scarpari, et al [PDF: 1,003.65 kb]
• Development and Pathogenicity of the Fungus Crinipellis perniciosa on Interaction with Cacao Leaves by Aruna Kilaru and Karl H. Hasenstein [PDF: 1358 kb]
• Effect of low pressures on the survival of three cocoa pests at 30°C by S. Finkelman et al. [PDF: 185 kb]
• Molecular analysis of the major Phytophthora species on cocoa by A. A. Appiah et al. [PDF: 197 kb]
• The Impact of Plant Diseases on World Chocolate Production by J. H. Bowers et al. [PDF: 997KB]
• Elemental sulphur as an induced antifungal substance in plant defence by R. M. Cooper and J. S. Williams [PDF:365 kb]
• Plant extracts containing caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid inhibit qoospore germination of Phytophthora spp. pathogenic to Theobroma cacao. European J. Plant Pathology, vol. 115, p. 377-388, 2006 by T.L. Widmer and N. Laurent. [PDF: 321 kb]
• First report of Moniliophthora roreri causing frosty pod rot (moniliasis disease) of cocoa in Mexico Plant Pathology, vol. 55, p. 584 by W. Phillips-Mora, A. Coutino, C.F. Ortiz, A.P. Lopez, J. Hernandez, and M.C. Aime [PDF: 54 KB]
• First report of frosty pod rot (Moniliasis disease) caused by Moniliophthora rorer on cacao in Belize. Plant Pathology, vol. 55, p. 584 by W. Phillips-Mora, J. Cawich, W. Garnett, and M.C. Aime [PDF: 54 KB]
• Expected selection efficiency for resistance to cacao pod rot (Phytophthora palmivora) comparing leaf disc inoculation with field observation. Euphytica 149:35-44, 2006 by G.M. Tahi, B.I. Kebe, J.A.K. N'Goran, A. Sangare, F. Mondeil, C. Cilas and A.B. Eskes [PDF: 154 KB]
• Establishment of the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) as an endopphyte in cocoa seedlings (Theobroma cacao). Mycologia, vol.97, p 11-95-1200. by F. Posada and F.E. Vega. [PDF: 235KB]
• Effects of fungicide residues on the physico-chemical characteristics of soils of a major cocoa-producing area of Nigeria. Science of the Total Environment, vol. 336, pp.876-879, 2006. Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Soil Science. by T.A. Akinnifesi, O.I. Asubiojo, and A.A. Amusan. [PDF: 102 KB] posted Nov. 2 2006
• A Pheromone Manual. Natural Resources Institute, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK, 2004. by A. Cork. [PDF:881 KB] Contributed by Rob Lockwood as relevant to the cocoa pod borer problem in Indonesia. posted Nov. 2 2006
• A taste receptor required for the caffeine response in vivo. Current Biology, vol. 16, pp. 1812-1817. by S.J. Moon, M. Kottgen, Y. Jiao, H. Xu, and C. Montell. [PDF: 277 KB] posted Nov. 2 2006
• Witches' broom disease of cocoa in Bahia: Attempts at eradication and containment. Crop Protection, vol 15(8), p. 743-752, 1996. by J.L. Pereira. [PDF: 439 KB] posted Dec. 4 2006
• Fifty years of Frosty Pod Rot in Central America: Chronology of its spread and impact from Panama to Mexico. Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center. PO Box 7170 CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Colegio de Posgraduados, Campus Tabasco, PO Box 24, H. Cárdenas, Tab. Mexico; USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Unpublished Manuscript. by W. Phillips-Mora, C.F. Ortiz, and M.C. Aime. [PDF: 72 KB] posted Dec. 4. 2006
• Production of high-affinity polyclonal sera against Crinipellis perniciosa biotypes C and S. <Original> Produção de soros policlonais com alta afrinidade contra o biotipo 'C' e o biotipo 'S' de Crinipellis perniciosa. Fitopatologia Brasileira, vol. 30, p. 380-386. In Portuguese. by G.A. Leal Júnior, K.M.R. Duarte, P.S.B. Albuquerque, F.C.A. Taveres, and A. Figueira. [PDF: 227 KB] posted Jan. 2 2007
• Rapid detection of Ceratocystis fimbriata in infected wood of eucalyptus, mango, and other woody hosts. <Original> Detecção rápida de Ceratocystis fimbriata em lenho infetado de eucalipto, mangueira e outros hospedieros lenhosos. Fitopatologia Brasileira, vol. 30, p. 543-545. In Portuguese by F.A. Ferreira, L.A. Maffia, and E.A. Ferreira. [PDF: 1.471 MB] posted Jan. 2 2007
• Genetic variablity and chromosome-length polymorphisms of the witches' broom pathogen Crinopellis perniciosa from various plant hosts in South America. Mycological Research, vol. 110, p. 821-832, 2006. by J. Rincones, G.D. Mazotti, G.W. Griffith, A. Pomela, A. Figueria, G.A. Leal, M.V. Queiroz, J.F. Pereira, R.A. Azevedo, G.A.G. Pereira, and L.W. Meinhardt. [PDF: 1.103 MB] posted Jan. 2 2007
• ¿Existe la tolerancia genética del cacao (Theobroma cacao) a Rosellinia bunodes y Rosellinia pepo? Manejo Integrado de Plagas y Agroecología (Costa Rica) No. 75, p. 21-31, 2005. by J. García Cordoba, A. George, T. Argyle, M. ten Hoopen, and U. Krauss. [PDF: 4.5 MB] posted Jan. 2 2007
• Screening of new cocoa types for insect infestation and biochemical analysis of stored beans. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 9, p. 2564-2571, 2006. by W.A. Jonfia-Essien. [PDF: 430 KB] posted Mar. 30 2007
• Tabla de vida y patron de distribucion de Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Thripidae: Panchaetothripinae) en condiciones de laboratorio. [Life table for Selenothrips rubrocincutus (Thripidae: Panchaetothripinae) under laboratory conditions.] Revista de biologia tropical, vol. 53, p. 187-190, 2005. by G.A. Soto-Rodriguez and A.P. Retana-Salazar. [PDF: 117 KB] posted May 1 2007
• The causal agents of witches broom and frosty pod rot of cacao (Chocolate, Theobroma cacao) form a new lineage of Marasmiaceae. Mycologia, vol. 97, p. 1012-1022, 2005. by M.C. Aime and W. Phillips-Mora [PDF: 299 KB] posted May 30 2007
• Diseases of Tropical Perennial Crops: Challenging Problems in Diverse Environments. Plant Disease, vol. 91, p.644-663. by R.C. Ploetz [PDF: 354 KB] posted July 3 2007
• Comparative Analysis of Expressed Genes from Cacao Meristems Infected by Moniliophthora perniciosa. Annals of Botany, vol. 100, p. 129-140, 2007. A.S. Gesteira, F. Micheli, N. Carels, A.C. Da Silva, K.P. Gramacho, I. Schuster, J.N. Macedo, G.A.G. Pereira, J.C.M. Cascardo. [PDF: 1.15 MB] posted Aug 1 2007
• Characterization of necrosis and ethylene-inducing proteins (NEP) in the basidiomycete Moniliophthora perniciosa, the causal agent of witches' broom in Theobroma cacao. Mycological Research, Vol. 111, p/ 443-455, 2007. by O. Garcia, J.A.N. Macedo, R. Tibúrcio, G. Zaparoli, J. Rincones, L.M.C. Bittencourt, G.O. Ceita, F. Micheli, A. Gesteira, A.C. Mariano, M.A. Chiavinato, F.J. Medrano, L.W. Meinhardt, G.A.G. Pereira, and J.C.M Cascardo. [PDF: 205 KB] posted Aug 1 2007
• Rapid and efficient protocol for DNA extraction and molecular identification of teh basidiomycete Crinipellis perniciosa. Genetics and Molecular Research, vol. 5, p. 851-855, 2007. by S.C.O. Melo, C. Pungartnik, J.C.M. Cascardo, and M. Brendel. [PDF: 515 KB] posted September 4 2007
• Parasitism of Mesohomotoma tessmanni Aulmann (Psylloidea, Carsidarae) psyllid pest of Theobroma cacao and Octolobus spectabilis (Sterculiaceae) in Cameroon and taxonomy of parasitoids. Journal of Agronomy, vol. 6, p. 37-44, 2007 by T.J. Lebel and T.B. Modeste [PDF: 486 KB] posted September 4 2007
• Necrotrophic phase of Moniliophthora perniciosa causes salicylic acid accumulation in infected stems of cacao. Physiological and Molecular Plant Plathology, vol. 69, p. 104-108, 2007. by F.C. Chaves and T.J. Gianfagna. [PDF: 322 KB] posted September 4 2007
• Involvement of calcium oxalate degradation during programmed cell death in Theobroma cacao tissues triggered by the hemibiotrophic fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa. Plant Science, vol. 173, p. 106-117, 2007 by G. de Oliveira Ceita, J.N.A. Macedo, T.B. Santos, L. Alemanno, A. da Silva Gesteira, F. Micheli, A.C. Mariano, K.P. Gramacho, D. da Costa Silva, and L. Meinhardt. [PDF: 2.5 MB] posted September 5 2007
• Ecological implications of anti-pathogen effects of tropical fungal endophytes and mycorrhizae. Ecology, vol. 88, p. 550-558, 2007 by E.A. Herre, L.C. Mejia, D.A. Kyllo, E. Rojas, Z. Maynard, A. Butler, and S.A. Van Bael. [PDF: 327 KB] posted September 5 2007
• Moniliophthora perniciosa produces hormones and alters endogenous auxin and salicylic acid in infected cocoa leaves. FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 274, p. 238-244 by A. Kilaru, B.A. Bailey, and K.H. Hasenstein. [PDF: 143 KB] posted October 2 2007
• Involvement of calcium oxalate degradation during programmed cell death in Theobroma cacao tissues triggered by the hemibiotrophic fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa. Plant Science (Oxford), vol. 173 p. 106-117, 2007. by G. Ceita, J.N.A. Macedo, T. B. Santos, L. Alemanno, A. Gesteria, F. Micheli, A.C. Mariano, K.P. Gramacho, D. Silva, L. Meinhardt, P. Mazzafera, G.A.G. Pereira, and J. C. Cascardo [PDF: 2.5 MB] posted October 31 2007
• First report of Phytophthora plamivora, causal agent of black pod, on cacao in Puerto Rico. Plant Disease, vol. 91, p. 1051, 2007. by B.M. Irish, R. Goenaga, S. Park and S. Kang. [PDF: 173 KB] posted October 31 2007
• Response surface methodology study of the combined effects of temperature, pH, and aw [water activity] on the growth rate of Trichoderma asperellum. Journal of Applied Microbiology, vol. 103, p. 845-854, 2007. by B.A.D. Begoude, R. Lahlali, D. Friel, P.R. Tondje and M.H. Jijakli [PDF: 196 KB] posted October 31 2007
• Heritability of phenols in the resistance of Theobroma cacao against Phytophthora megakarya, the causal agent of black pod disease. Journal of Phytopathology, vol. 155, p. 519-525, 2007. by P. Djocgoue, T. Boudjeko, H. D. Mbouobda, D.J. Nankeu, I. Hadrami, and N.D. Omokolo. [PDF: 703 KB] posted October 31 2007
• Cacao Diseases: Important threats to chocolate production worldwide. Phytopathology, vol. 97, p. 1634-1639, by R.C. Ploetz. [PDF: 185 KB] posted January 2 2008
• Cacao Diseases - The trilogy revisited. Phytopathology, vol. 97, p. 1640-1643, by H.C. Evans. [PDF: 92 KB] posted January 2 2008
• Frosty pod, a disease of limited geographic distribution but unlimited potential for damage. Phytopathology, vol. 97, p. 1644-1647 by W. Phillips-Mora and M.J. Wilkinson [PDF: 116 KB] posted January 2 2008
• Ceratocystis wilt of cacao -- A disease of increasing importance. Phytopathology, vol. 97, p. 1648-1649. by C.J. Engelbrecht, T.C. Harrington, and A. Alfenas. [PDF: 68 KB] posted January 2 2008
• Black pod: Diverse pathogens with a global impact on cocoa yield. Pythopathology, vol. 97, p. 1650-1653 by D. Guest. [PDF: 143 KB] posted January 2 2008
• Vascular-streak dieback: A new encounter disease of cacao in Papua New Guinea and Southeast Asia caused by the obligate Basidiomycete Oncobasidium theobromae. Phytopathology, vol. 97, p. 1664-1657 by D. Guest and P. Keane [PDF: 149 KB] posted January 2 2008
• Status of cocoa swollen shoot virus disease in Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 6. p. 2054-2061, 2007 by L.N. Dongo and S.B. Orisajo. [PDF: 388 KB] posted January 2 2008
• Molecular fingerprinting suggests two primary outbreaks of witches' broom disease (Crinipellis perniciosa) of Theobroma cacao in Bahia, Brazil. European Journal of Plant Pathology, vol. 105, p. 167-177, 1999 by T> Andebrhan, A. Figueira, M.M. Yamada, J. Cascardo, D.B. Furtek [PDF: 458 KB] posted January 2 2008
• Development of a tranformation system for Crinipellis pernciosa, the causal agent of witches' broom in cocoa plants. Current Genetics, vol. 42, p. 236-240, 2003 by J.O. Lima, J.K. dos Santos, J.F. Pereira, M.L.V. de Resende, E.F. Araujo, and M.V. de Queiroz [PDF: 257 KB] posted January 2 2008
• Genetic variation in populations of teh cacao wilt pathogen, Ceratocystis cacaofunesta. Plant Pathology, vol. 56, p. 923-933, 2007. by C.J.B. Englebrecht, T.C. Harrington, A.C. Alfenas, and C. Suarez. [PDF: 260 KB] posted January 2 2008
• Behavioral responses of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) to volatiles identified from dry cocoa beans. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 10, p. 3549-3556, 2007 by W.A. Jonfia-Essien, P.G. Alderson, G. Tucker, R. Linforth and G. West. [PDF: 605 KB] posted February 1 2008
• Understanding the diversity of foliar endophytic fungi: progress, challenges and frontiers (a review). Fungal Biology Review, vol. 21, p. 51-66, 2007 by A.E. Arnold. [PDF: 818 KB] posted February 1 2008
• Filamentous fungi producing ochratoxin a during cocoa processing in Cameroon. International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol. 121, p. 234-241, 2008 by P. Mounjouenpou, D. Gueule, A. Fontana-Tachon, B. Guyot, P.R. Tondje, and J-P Guiraud . [PDF: 257 KB] posted March 3 2008
• Dieback due to Lasiodiplodia theobromae a new constraint to cocoa production in Cameroon, vol. 57, p. 381, 2008. by M. Mbenoun, E.H. Momo Zeutsa, G. Samuels, F. Nsouga Amougou, and S. Nyasse. [PDF: 67 KB] posted April 25 2008
• The effectiveness of somatic embryogenesis in eliminating the cocoa swollen shoot virus from infected cocoa trees. Journal of Virological Methods, vol. 149, p. 91-96, 2008. by A.K. Quainoo, A.C. Wetten, and J. Allainguillaume. [PDF: 530 KB] posted April 25 2008
• Rearing method and life-table data for the cocoa mirid bug Sahlbergella singularis Haglund (Hemiptera: Miridae). Journal of applied entomology, vol. 132, p. 366-374, 2008 by R. Babin, D.H.B. Bisseleua, L. Dibog, and J.P. Lumaret. [PDF: 583 KB] posted June 3 2008
• Transmission of cocoa swollen shoot virus by seeds. Journal of Virological Methods, vol. 150, p. 45-49, 2008 by A.K. Quainoo, A.C. Wetten, and J. Allainguillaume [PDF: 340 KB] posted June 3 2008
• PCR amplification and sequence analyses of reserve transcriptase-like genes in Crinipellis perniciosa isolates. Fitopatologia Brasileira, vol. 32, p. 373-380, 2007. by J.F. Pereira, M.D.C. Ignacchiti, E.F. Araujo, S.H. Brommonschenkel, J.C.M. Cascardo, G.A.G. Pereira, and M.V. Queiroz [PDF: 3.7MB] posted June 26 2008
• Activation of defence responses on cocoa against Verticillium wilt by natural extracts acibenzolar-S-methyl. Ativacao de defesa em cacaueiro contra a murcha-de-verticilio por extratos naturais e acibenzolar-S-metil. Portuguese, English Abstract. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, vol. 43, p. 171-178, 2008. by R.B. Pereira, M.L. Vilela de Resende, P.M. Ribeiro, D.R. Amaral, G.C. Lucas, and F.R. Cavalcanti. [PDF: 96 KB] posted June 28 2008
• Selection of plant extracts to induce resistance and activate defense responses in cocoa against witches' broom disease. Selecao de extratos vegetais para inducao de resistencia e ativacao de respostas de defesa em cacaueiro contra a vassoura-de-bruxa. Portuguese, English Abstract. Fitopatologia Brasileira, vol. 32, p.213-221, 2007. by M.L.V. Resende, J. de C.B. Costa, F.R. Cavalcanti, P.M. Ribeiro Junior, and F.R. Camilo. [PDF: 1 MB] posted June 28 2008
• Carbon source-dependent variation of acquired mutagen resistance of Monilophthora perniciosa: Similarities in natural and artificial systems. Fungal Genetics and Biology, vol. 45, p. 851-860, 2008 by R.X. Santos, S.C.O. Melo, J.C.M. Cascardo, M. Brendel, and C. Pungartnik. [PDF: 368 KB] posted June 28 2008
• Antifungal activity of essential oils of Piper species against Crinipellis perniciosa, Phytophthora palmivora and Phytophthora capsici. In Portuguese. Atividade antifungica de oleos essenciais de especies de Piper sobre Crinipellis perniciosa, Phythophthora palmivora and Phytophthora capsici. English Abstr. Fitopatologia Brasileira, vol. 32, p. 143-145, 2007 by D.M. M.H. Silva and C.N. Bastos. [PDF: 240 KB] posted June 28 2008
• Reaction of cocoa genotypes to isolates of Ceratocystis cacaofunesta. Reacao de Genotipos de Cacaueiros a Isolados de Ceratocystis cacaofunesta. Portuguese, English abstract. Fitopatologia Brasileira, vol. 32, p. 504-506, 2007 by S.D.V. M. Silva, E.P. Mandarino, V.O. Damaceno and L.P. Santos Filho. [PDF: 667 KB] posted June 28 2008
• Activity evaluation of cocoa pod borer sex pheromone in cacao fields. Environmental Entomology, vol. 37, p. 719-724, 2008 by A. Zhang, L.F. Kuang, N. Maisin, B. Karumuru, D.R. Hall, I. Virdiana, S. Lambert, P.H. Bin, S. Wang and P. Hebbar. [PDF: 144 KB] posted August 1 2008
• Characterization of microsatellites from cacao-Moniliophthora perniciosa interaction expressed sequence tags. Molecular breeding, vol. 22, p. 315-318, 2008. by L.S. Lima, K.P. Gramacho, A.S. Gesteira, U.V. Lopes, F.A. Gaiotto, H.A. Zaidan, J.L. Pires, J.C.M. Cascardo, and F. Micheli. [PDF: 152 KB] posted August 27 2008
• Restriction enzyme improves the efficiency of genetic transformations in Moniliophthora perniciosa, the causal agent of witches' broom disease in Theobroma cacao. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, vol. 51, p. 27-34, 2008 by F.J.F. Lopes, M.V. de Queiroz, J.O. Lima, S.V.A. Oliveira, and E.F. de Araujo. [PDF: 277 KB] posted August 27 2008
• Molecular characterization of fungal and endophytic morphospecies associated with the indigenous forest tree, Theobroma gileri, in Ecuador. Mycological Research, vol. 112, p. 852-860 by S.E. Thomas, J. Crozier, C.M. Aime, H.C. Evans, and K. A. Holmes [PDF: 611 KB] posted August 27 2008
• OTA-producing fungi isolated from stored cocoa beans. Letters in Applied Microbiology, vol. 47, p. 197-201, 2008 by S. Amezqueta, E. Gonzalez-Penas, C. Dachoupakan, M. Murillo-Arbizu, A. Lopez de Cerain, and J.P. Guiraud. [PDF: 75 KB] posted September 29 2008
• Production of calcium oxalate crystals by the basidiomycete Moniliophthora perniciosa, the causal agent of witches' broom. Curr. Microbiology, vol. 56, p. 363-370, 2008. by M.C.S. DoRio, B.V. deOliveira, S.P.T. deTomazella, J.A. Fracassi da Silva, and G.A.G. Pereira. [PDF: 515 KB] posted September 29 2008
• Activity of enzyme associates of induced resistance on cocoa seedlings exposed of two actinomycetes phylloplane residents <Original in Portuguese> Atividade de enzimas associadas ao estado de inducao em mudas de cacaueiro expostas a dois actinomicetos residentes de filoplano. Summa Phytopathologica, vol. 34, p. 34-37, 2008 by D. Macagnan, R. da S. Romeiro, M.C. Baracat-Pereira, R. Lanna Filho, G.S. Batista, A.W.V. Pomella. [PDF: 164 KB] posted September 29 2008
• Moniliophthora perniciosa, the causal agent of witches' broom disease of cacao: what's new from this old foe. Molecular Plant Pathology, vol. 9, p. 577-588, 2008 by L.W. Meinhardt, J. Rincones, B.A. Bailey, M.C. Aime, G.W. Griffith, D. Zhang, G.A.G. Pereira. [PDF: 295 KB] posted September 29 2008
• Differential Gene Expression between the biotrophic-like and saprotrophic mycelia of witches' broom pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, vol. 21, p.891-908, 2008 by J. Rincones, L.M. Scarpari, M.F. Carazzolle, J.M.C. Mondego, E.F. Formigheiri, J.G. Barau, G.G.L. Costa, D.M. Carraro, H.P. Brentani, L.A. Vilas-Boas, B.V. de Oliveria, M. Sabha, R. Dias, J.M. Cascardo, R.A> Azevedo, L.W. Meinhardt, and G.A.G. Pereira. [PDF: 666 KB] posted September 30 2008
• Mycobiota and mycotoxin producing fungi from cocoa beans. International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol. 125, p. 336-340, 2008 by M. Sanchez-Hervas, J.V. Gil, F. Bisbal, D. Raman and P.V. Martinez-Culebras. [PDF: 254 KB] posted September 30 2008
• Conopomorpha cramerella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Malay Archipelago: Genetic signature of a bottlenecked population? Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer., vol. 100, p. 930-938, 2008 by L.H. Shapiro, S.J. Scheffer, N. Maisin, S. Lambert, H.B. Purung, E. Sulistyowati, F.E. Vega, P. Gende, S. Laup, A. Rosmana, S. Djam, and P.K. Hebbar [PDF: 254 KB] posted September 30 2008
• Systematics of Plant Pathogenic Fungi: Why it matters. [pertains to Phytophthora and Moniliophthora]. Plant Disease, vol. 92, p.1376-1386, 2008 by A.Y. Rossman and M.E. Palm-Hernandez [PDF: 340 KB] posted October 24 2008
• Antimicrobial activity of a decoction used by Southwestern Nigeria traditional healers on selected dermatophytes. African Journal of Biotechnology,vol. 6, p. 2529-2531, 2008 by A.M. Kilani, O. Oyelade and O.E. Adeleke [PDF: 50 KB] posted October 31 2008
• Effect of nutrients combined with inducers of resistance on the protection of cocoa seedlings against witches' broom. <Original> Efeito de nutrientes combinados com indutors de resistencia na protecao contra a vassoura-de-bruxa no cacaueiro. Ciencia e Agrotecnologia, vol. 32, p. 61-67, 2008 by I.L. do S.S. da Silva; M. L. V. de Resende, P.M. Ribeiro Junior, J. de C. do B. Costa, F.R. Camilo, J.C. Baptista, and S.M. de L. Salgado [PDF: 116 KB] posted October 31 2008
• Assessment of resistance to Ceratocystis cacaofunesta in cacao genotypes. European Journal of Plant Pathology, vol. 122, p. 517-528, 2008. by C.L.G. Sanches, L.R.M. Pinto, A.W.V. Pomella, S.D.V.M. Silva, and L.L. Loguercio [PDF: 248 KB] posted November 21 2008
• The mitochondrial genome of the phytopathogenic basidiomycete Moniliophthora perniciosa is 109kb in size and contains a stable integrated plasmid. Mycological Research, vol. 112, p. 1136-1152, 2008 by E.F. Formighieri, R.A. Tiburcio, E.D. Armas, F.J. Medrano, Shimo, N. Carels, A. Goes-Neto, C. Cotomacci, M.F. Carazzolle, N. Sardinha-Pinto, D.P.T. Thomazella, J. Rincones, L. Digiampietri, D.M. Carraro, A.M. Azeredo-Espin, S.F. Reis, A.C. Deckmann, K. Gramacho, M.S. Goncalves, J.P. Moura Neto, L.V. Barbosa, L.W. Meinhardt, J.C.M. Cascardo, and G.A.G. Pereira [PDF: 1 MB] posted December 4 2008
• Fifty years of frosty pod rot in Central America: Chronology of its spread and impact from Panama to Mexico. [Cincuenta años de presencia de Moniliasis del cacao en Centro América; Cronología de dispersión e impacto desde Panamá hasta México]. In 15 International Cocoa Research Conference Proceedings Nigeria, COPAL Vol. I. p. 1039-1047. 2007 by W. Phillips-Mora; C.F. Ortiz; M.C. Aime [PDF: 1MB] posted December 29 2008
• Genetic Variability and Host Specialization in the Latin American Clade of Ceratocystis fimbriata. Phytopathology, vol. 93, p. 1274-1284. 2003 by C.J. Baker; T.C. Harrington; U. Krauss; A. Alfenas [PDF: 241KB] posted December 29 2008
• Production of lytic enzymes and siderophores and inhibition of germination of basidiospores of Moniliophthora (ex Crinipellis) perniciosa by phylloplane actinomycetes. Biological Control: Theory and Application in Pest Management, vol. 47, p. 309-314, 2008 by D. Macagnan; R. Romeiro; S. da; A.W.V. Pomella and J.T. de Souza [PDF: 259KB] posted December 29 2008
• Endomelanconiopsis, a new anamorph genus in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Mycologia, vol. 100, p. 760-775, 2008 by E.I. Rojas; E.A. Herre; L.C. Mejia; A.E. Arnold; P. Chaverri; G.J. Samuels [PDF: 1.74MB] posted January 15 2009
• Genetic relationship between the fungus Moniliophthora roreri (Cif.) Evans et al. and Basidiomycetes determined though molecular techniques. Relación genética entre el hongo Moniliophthora (Cif.) Evans et al. y basidiomicetos determinada mediante técnicas moleculares. In 14 International Cocoa Research Conference. Proceedings, Nigeria, COPAL Vol. II: 619-625, 2005 by W. Phillips-Mora, H. Evans, U. Krauss and M. Wilkinson [PDF: 3260KB] posted February 3 2009
• Genetic diversity of the cacao pathogen Moniliophthora roreri (Cif.) Evans et al. in Tropical America. Diversidad genética del patógeno de cacao Moniliophthora roreri (Cif.) Evans et al. en América Tropical. In 14 International Cocoa Research Conference. Proceedings, Nigeria, COPAL Vol. II: 613-18, 2005 by W. Phillips-Mora, H. Evans, U. Krauss and M. Wilkinson [PDF: 2760KB] posted February 3 2009
• Population dynamics of the thrip (Monalonion dissimulatum Dist.) and pod damage in organic cacao plantations in Alto Beni, Bolivia. Spanish, English summary. Dinámica poblacional del chinche (Monalonion dissimulatum Dist.) y daño de mazorcas en plantaciones orgánicas de cacao del Alto Beni, Bolivia. Agroforestería en las Américas (CATIE). Vol. 43-44 p. 72-76, 2005 by A. Vargas, E. Somarriba and M. Carballo [PDF: 243 KB] posted February 3 2009
• What's in a name: Crinipellis, the final resting place for the frosty pod rot pathogen of cocoa. [¿Qué significa un nombre: Crinipellis, el punto final para la moniliasis deel cacao?]. Inglés. Mycologist 16 (part 4), p. 148-152, 2002 by H.C. Evans, K.A. Holmes, W. Phillips and M.J. Wilkinson [PDF; 213KB] posted February 23 2009
• A genome survey of Moniliophthora perniciosa gives new insights into Witches' Broom Disease of cacao. BMC Genomics, vol. 9, p. 548-573, 2008 by J.M.C. Mondego, M.F. Carazzolle, G.G.L. Costa, E.F. Formighieri, L.P. Parizzil, J. Rincones, C. Cotomacci, D.M. Carraro, A.F. Cunha, H. Carrer, R.O. Vidal, R.C. Estrela, O. Garcia, D.P.T. Thomazella, B.V. de Oliveira, A.B.L. Pires, M.S.C. Rio, M.M.R. Araujo, M.H. de Moraes, L.A.B. Castro, K.P. Gramacho, M.S. Gonçalves, J.P. Moura Neto, A. Goes Neto, L.V. Barbosa, M.J. Guiltinan, B.A. Bailey, L.W. Meinhardt, J.C.M. Cascardo and G.A.G Pereira [PDF: 6.3MB] posted February 24 2009
• High-Affinity Copper Transport and Snq2 Export Permease of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Modulate Cytotoxicity of PR-10 from Theobroma cacao. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Vol. 22, p. 39-51, 2009 by C. Pungartnik, A.C. da Silva, S.A. de Melo, K.P. Gramacho, J.C. de Mattos Cascardo, M. Brendel, F. Micheli and A. da Silva Gesteira [PDF: 693KB] posted February 25 2009
• Microenvironment, spore number and pod rot incidente ( Moniliophthora roreri)(Cif&Par.) Evans et al, in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) shaded by three different leguminous tree species. Spanish with English summary. [Microambiante, cantidad de esporas en el aire e incidencia del hongo Moniliophthora roreri (Cif& Par)]. Tesis Mag. Sc. Turrialba, Costa Rica, CATIE. 81 p., 1993 by L. Meléndes Marín [PDF: 2.79MB] posted March 24 2009
• Adoption of practices for farmers to handle the frosty pod rot (Moniliophtora roreri Cif & Par.). A study of case biophycal and socioeconomic factors in the Municipality of Waslala, Nicaragua. Spanish with English summary. [Adopción de prácticas por los agricultores para el manejo de la moniliasis del cacao (Moniliophtora roreri Cif & Par.). Un estudio de caso biofísico y socioeconómico, en el municipio de Waslala, Nicaragua.]. Tesis Mag. Sc. Turrialba, Costa Rica, CATIE. 77 p., 1998 by D.J. Sandino Araica. [PDF: 4.6MB] posted April 9 2009
• Pseudolagarobasidium (Basidiomycota): on the reinstatement of a genus of parasitic, saprophytic, and endophutic resupinate fungi. Botany, vol. 86, p. 1319-1325, 2008 by N. Hallenberg, M. Ryberg, R.H. Nilsson, A.R. Wood and S.H. Wu. [PDF: 1.67MB] posted April 20 2009
• An inoculation method and evaluation of cocoa lines for resistance to Ceratocystis fimbriata Ell. & Halst. [Método de inoculación de Ceratocystis fimbriata Ell. & Halst. y evaluación de la resistencia en cacao]. Turrialba (IICA) Vol.  42 (4) : 421-429., 1992 by S. Núñez, J.J. Galindo and W. Phillips Mora. [PDF: 620KB] posted May 7 2009
• Relationships between the position in in the fruit and length of the seed of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) on the stem diameter and height of seedlings.  Spanish with English summary. [Relación entre la posición de la semilla en frutos de cacao (Theobroma cacao), su longitud y el diámetro y altura de las plántulas]. Turrialba (IICA) Vol. 39 (4): 530-533., 1989 by W. Phillips Mora. [PDF: 6.7MB] posted May 7 2009
• Methods for innoculating and testing for resistance of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) to Phytophthora palmivora. Spanish with English summary.[Método de inoculación y evaluación de la resistencia a Phytophthora palmivora en frutos de cacao (Theobroma cacao).]  Turrialba (IICA) 39 (4): 488-496., 1989 by W. Phillips Mora. [PDF: 502KB] posted May 7 2009
• Reaction of cocoa cultivars to artificial innoculation with Moniliophthora roreri.  Spanish with English summary. [Reacción de cultivares de cacao a la inoculación artificial con Moniliophthora roreri]. Tesis Mag. Sc. Turrialba, Costa Rica, CATIE.  55 p., 1982 by J.A. Sánchez López. [PDF: 3.4MB] posted May 7 2009
• The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene of Moniliophthora  perniciosa, the causal agent of witches' broom disease of Theobroma cacao. Genetics and Molecular Biology, vol. 32, p. 362-366, 2009 by J.O. Lima, J.F. Pereira, J.Rincones, J.G. Barau, E.F. Araujo, G.A.G. Pereira and M.V. Queiroz. [PDF: 267KB ] posted July 31 2009 
• ITS-RFLP characterization of black Aspergillus isolates responsiblefor ochratoxin A contamination in cocoa beans. Zeitschrift fur Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung. European food research and technology,vol. 229, p. 751-755, 2009 by F. Bisbal, J.V. Gil, D. Ramon and P. Martinez-Culebras [PDF: 299KB] posted September 22 2009  
• First confirmed report of witches' broom caused by Moniliophthora perniciosa on cacao, Theobroma cacao, in Saint Lucia. Plant Pathology, vol. 58, p. 798, 2009 by P.L. Kelly, R. Reeder, S. Rhodes and N. Edwards[PDF: 61KB] posted September 22 2009 
•  Inhibition of Crinipellis perniciosa basidiospore germination by volatile compounds produced by five actinomycetes phylophaneresidents of cocoa. In Portuguese. Inibicao da germinacao de basidiosporos de Crinipellis perniciosa por compostos volateis produzidos por cinco actinomicetos residentes de filoplano de cacaueiro. Summa Phytopathologica, vol. 35, p. 140-142, 2009 by D. Macagnan, R. da S. Romeiro, and A.W.V. Pomella [PDF: 881KB] posted September 22 2009
• Trichoderma species form endophytic associations within Theobroma cacao trichomes. Mycological Research, vol. 113, p. 1365-1376, 2009 by B.A. Bailey, M.D. Strem, and D. Wood [PDF: 2.7MB] posted December 22 2009 
•  Infection biology of Moniliophthora perniciosa on Theobroma cacao and alternate solanaceous hosts. Tropical Plant Biology, vol. 2, p. 149-160, 2009 by J-P. Marelli, S.N. Maximova, K.P. Gramacho, K. Kang Seogchan andM.J. Guiltinan [PDF: 541KB] posted December 22 2009
• Identification and characterization of a class III chitin synthase gene of Moniliophthora perniciosa, the fungus that causes witches' broom disease of cacao.  Journal of Microbiology, vol. 47 (4), p. 431-440, 2009 by C.S. Souza, B.M. Oliveira, G.G.L. Costa, A. Schriefer, A. Selbach-Schnadelbach, A.P.T. Uetanabaro, C.P. Pirovani, G.A.G. Pereira, A.G. Taranto, J.C.D.M. Cascardo and A. Góes-Neto [PDF:330KB] posted December 22 2009
• Scolitids (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) associated to the cocoa agroecosystem in Tabasco, Mexico [Escolítidos (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) asociados al agroecosistema cacao en Tabasco, México]. In Spanish. Neotropical Entomology, vol.38 (5), p. 602-609, 2009 by M. Pérez-De La Cruz; A. Equihua-Martínez; J. Romero-Nápoles; S. Sánchez-Soto; E. García-López; H. Bravo-Mojica [PDF: 292KB] posted February 19, 2010
• Genes Acquired by Horizontal Transfer Are Potentially Involved in the Evolution of Phytopathogenicity in Moniliophthora perniciosa and Moniliophthora roreri, Two of the Major Pathogens of Cacao.  J. of Molecular Evolution, 2009 by R.A. Tiburcio; G.G.L. Costa; M.F. Carazzolle; J.M.C. Mondego; S.C. Schuster; J.E. Carlson; M.J. Guiltinan; B.A. Bailey; P. Mieczkowski; L.W. Meinhardt; G.A.G. Pereira [PDF: 511KB] posted February 19, 2010
• Impact of shade on the spatial distribution of Sahlbergella singularis in traditional cocoa agroforests. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 12 (1), pp. 69-79, 2010 by R. Babin, G.M. Ten Hoopen, C. Cilas, F. Enjalric, Yedee , P. Gendre, J.-P. Lumaret  Schnell [PDF: 759KB] posted March 1, 2010
• Tea, coffee, and cocoa as ultraviolet radiation protectants for the beet armyworm nucleopolyhedrovirus.  Journal of economic entomology, 102 (5), pp. 1767-1773, 2009 by S. El-Salamouny, D. Ranwala, M. Shapiro, M., B.M. Shepard, R.R. Farrar Jr. [PDF: 123KB] posted March 1, 2010
• Early signs of infection in Cacao swollen shoot virus [CSSV] inoculated cocoa seeds and the discovery of the cotyledons of the resultant plants as rich sources of CSSV.  African Journal of Biotechnology, 9 [5], pp. 593-603, 2010 by H. Dzahini-Obiatey, R.T.V. Fox [PDF: 369KB]  posted April 2, 2010 
• Development, characterization, validation, and mapping of SSRs derived from Theobroma cacao L. -Moniliophthora perniciosa interaction ESTs.  (2010) Tree Genetics and Genomes, pp. 1-14. Article in Press by L.S. Lima, K.P. Gramacho, J.L. Pires, D.Clement, U.V. Lopes, N. Carels, A. da Silva Gesteira, F.A. Gaiotto, J.C. de Mattos Cascardo, F. Micheli [PDF: 395KB] posted April 27, 2010
• Resistance to Phytophthora palmivora (Butler) butler assessed on leaf discs of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) hybrid trees. Asian Journal of Plant Pathology, 3 (4), pp. 106-118, 2009 by M.J. Akaza, J.A.K. N'Goran, S.P.A. N'Guetta, B.I.  Kébé,  G.M. Tahi, A. Sangaré. [PDF:689KB] posted June 8, 2010   
• Carbon source-induced changes in the physiology of the cacao pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa (Basidiomycetes) affect mycelial morphology and secretion of necrosis-inducing proteins.  Genetics Molecular Research, vol. 8, p.1035-1050, 2009 by F.C. Alvim, E.M. Mattos, C.P. Pirovani, K. Gramacho, C. Pungartnik, M. Brendel, J.C. Cascardo, M. Vincentz. [PDF:1.27KB] posted June 8, 2010 
• Comparative modeling of DNA and RNA polymerases from Moniliophthora perniciosa mitochondrial plasmid.  Theoretical Biology Medical Modeling, Sept. 6:22, 2009 by B.S. Andrade, A.G. Taranto, A. Góes-Neto, A.A. Duarte. [PDF:2MB] posted June 8, 2010 
• Over seventy years of a viral disease of cocoa in Ghana: From researchers’ perspective.  African Journal Agricultural Research, vol.5, p. 476-485, 2010 by H. Dzahini-Obiatey, O. Domfeh, F.M. Amoah. [PDF:4.35MB] posted June 8, 2010 
• Early development of Moniliophthora perniciosa basidiomata and developmentally regulated genes.  BMC Microbiology, 9:158, 2009 by A.B. Pires, K.P. Gramacho, D.C. Silva, A. Góes-Neto, M.M. Silva, J.S. Muniz-Sobrinho, R.F. Porto, C. Villela-Dias, M. Brendel, J.C. Cascardo, G.A. Pereira. [PDF:1.4MB] posted June 8, 2010  
• Interspecific hybridization and apomixis between Phytophthora capsici and Phytophthora tropicalis. Mycologia, vol. 100, p. 911-920, 2008 by R.S. Donnahoo and K.H. Lamour. [PDF: 5.6MB]  posted August 9, 2010